- Cartagena and Naples ("New City")
- Des Moines and Munich ("Monks")
- Neuchâtel and Newcastle (I think this one is obvious)
A near miss: Trois-Rivières and Sichuan (3.5±0.5 rivers)
There must be more of these, please add your own

In addition to the blurb above, I'm a recovering mathematician, Jewish, and autistic as fuck--those didn't alliterate
Sometimes I write poems, mostly in English and Spanish
I feel weird putting my age in my bio but I am in fact a Grown Up if you were worried
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A near miss: Trois-Rivières and Sichuan (3.5±0.5 rivers)
There must be more of these, please add your own
Belgrade - White Castle
Johannesburg - Jamestown
Pittsburgh is named after William Pitt, so if one is feeling ornery you could argue it's synonymous with Williamstown.
There's gotta be something for Philadelphia, right?
Johannes and James are different names tho. But Jamestown might work with Santiago kinda?
Dang, I thought those names were etymologically related. Apparently James is the same as Jacob and John is the same as Jack, but Jack is not always the same as Jacob =P.
Brilliant find on Santiago, wasn't aware of that. I tried looking for Ivangrad, apparently used to exist but was renamed in 1992.
I looked to see if there would be an equivalent Chinese place name since some end in 津 jīn "ford" and lol turns out
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5#Chinese
There's a zillion "new city" ones, but Cartagena is special because it's actually "new new city" (it's from Latin "Carthago Nova" = "New Carthage", but Carthago itself is from Punic for "new city"
But some others are:
Newton
Newtown
Ville-Nouvelle
Novgorod
Novigrad
Nowogród
Uusikaupunki / Nystad
Nové Město
Raħal Ġdid
Ciudad Nueva
Neuburg
Uivar / Újvár
Neapolis (ancient name of Naples but also several other cities)
Noviodunum (Celtic "new town")
Extensive! I wasn't sure whether to include Newton since "town" is not exactly "city", but this is a great list. I had definitely known about some of these in the past
Oh! I had never considered where the "n" came from in "Cartagena", that's even better
some approximate synonyms:
Midfield
Middlefield
Midgard / Middangeard / Miðgarðr
Mid-Plains Community College
Mediolanum
France is just full of places with slightly different names that started out as the same couple Gaulish names
Lombardy and Barbados (bearded) (Lombardy is also long but they're basically the same)