• She/Her

Workin on my BS (in a lot of ways) and giving out weird thoughts and mushroom musings.

Naughty Account: @Tits-and-Claws


You've probably seen this image, and heard of the huge fungal "Trees" of the late Silurian and Devonian period.
What if I told you this was probably not what they were like?
When fossils of these organisms were first discovered they were thought to be early trees. After all they were HUGE, up to 8 meters long and a mater wide. They had concentric growth rings like trees after all, and even branching points. But later microscopy showed a structure more similar to hyphae. Millions of long, hollow tubes collected together to make this structure possible. And recent infrared spectroscopy of the fossils we have has revealed a structure most likely composed of chitin polymer.
That's likely a fungus!
So why are they so tall?
You'd be tall to disperse spores or escape predation.
Early plants were barely 6cm at their largest. And early trees didn't appear until the late devonian, about when prototaxites start disappearing from the fossil record. Being a meter tall would still make you tower above all these tiny Bryophytes. And the only predators are tiny. The current most likely theory is that Prototaxites weren't tall, they laid on the ground like an extremely large rhizomorph. Not only have their fossils not undergone compaction like many fossilized logs do, but as a fungus this would benefit them hugely. Spreading out across the ground, covering more surface area means more food. Especially since as far as we're aware they were still saprotrophs.
We have also never found anything resembling a "stump" of one of these so called fungus trees. Which have all been found more or less laying on their side. The idea that they stood upright is a wonderful image, huge, alien looking trees that are actually fungus? Awesome!
It's looking more and more like that was probably not the case. It's true that they were the largest organisms on land for a time, massive structures that dominated their plant peers around them. But most likely they didn't stand large, phallus like above the landscape.
We still have this image because we thought of them this way for so long, at first they were trees. Then we corrected and went "Actually they were fungi." But we still had the idea of trees, because they look like a tree trunk. There are other theories but they also have little evidence, such as them being rolled up mats of lichen.
It's possible that they grew upright at times, but the idea of a forest of mushrooms is unfortunately, likely a fantasy born of the scientific process of ideas being superseded by other ideas.


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in reply to @FlayMeUp's post:

so like, I just read "Entangled Life" where he discusses prototaxites and how they were these big tree-like structures. Then I googled prototaxites to find out more about them and found your post. Then I saw on wikipedia that a paper from 2022 challenges the tree idea and supports your perspective. Sheldrake's book was published in 2020 and its crazy to think that millions of years later, there could be a totally new idea about an organism within a few years. I'm curious though about the observed widening at the "base"...that seems to suggest a vertical orientation? I didn't read the whole paper linked to on wiki so maybe they discuss that. Anyway thanks for your writing.

Thanks!! It's awesome that you found this post through a google search! There's not a lot of literature about prototaxites. I will say I would guess that a widening of the structure could mean a lot of things, a rock could have been there, or possibly a larger part of the structure. Really all we have to go on is fossils of course. And our knowledge of how modern fungi grow. So many things are conjecture. But mycelium does some incredible things!