If "they say" that about 5% of people have depression...then it's time once again to bust out "the map is not the territory" and remind people that diagnosis is a hugely political endeavour, which is administered unevenly, badly, and harmfully; who has access to it at all, and of those, who has access to any expectation of due diligence by medical staff, are extremely relevant questions in all medical matters.
In my experience, rates of depression and anxiety are markedly higher than basic demographic assessments will report. For people unfamiliar with how we operate in the field when studying large groups of people, you need to know a few things about the mass-noun problem. Here's just a few basic questions to interrogate your understanding with:
- Can you verify the reported condition meets criteria per DSM-5?
- If so, which variant of Depression are you addressing? MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) is not Bipolar 1, for example.
- Has this been recorded in medical records?
- Are you comparing documentation to interviews and/or self-report?
- What population biasing do you have?
- Classic example: the MMPI-2 is compiled largely based on white Michigan state residents, and may have limited explanatory or predictive effects for other populations; hence why we have new variants such as the MMPI-2-RF.
- Are your metrics by which you ask the question Psychometrically Valid?
- You will get very different results depending on how you word something, EG: "I have been diagnosed with a form of Depression by a doctor" vs "I have been feeling extremely sad and unmotivated to the point that it interferes with daily life".
- Your response metrics will influence this, such as a YES/NO binary, a 3, 5 or 7 point Likert Scale (Mostly True / Partly True / Neutral / Partly False / Mostly False), or specific rated responses (Never, 1-3 Days, 5-7 Days, Almost Every Day, All of the Time).
- Metric verification is easiest if you use existing resources, such as the many options for measuring (PHQ-9, HAM-D, MDQ, etc;)
I think this quick version is better than the text blob I have beneath. I don't even talk about Substance Dependency (I wanted to); but there wasn't enough space because I get into a zoomed-out picture for the sake of my perpetual framing of the country as nested within the world.
For those suffering with Suicidal Ideation or Self-Harm, I can only recommend you seek assistance where and how you can within your means. U.S. Residents can dial 988 for the National Suicide & Crisis Lifeline, the website link is here if you click.
TLDR: It's worse than it seems, better than it looks. Demographics are not destiny, but they provide us relevant data to make informed policy decisions upon. Hopefully, we can choose to learn from them for once instead of deny problems exist.