debit cards are processed like credit cards
interesting! its hard to get a feeling for how money and transactions go in other countries, like i think debit and credits cards also don't work the same way everywhere anyway
anyway i think it comes down to credit cards in America having fraud prevention in the form of "it's easy to fix when it happens", while here its more like "we're gonna prevent it from happening in the first place"
here, your bank account just has an IBAN (bank account number) which only lets people send money to your account, not withdraw anything.
for physical payments, having the card is not enough. you can set the limit for contactless payments or fully disable it, and for larger payments you need to enter your 4 digit PIN code. now i wonder, do debit cards in america not have PIN codes?
american style "giving your credit card to the waiter and they take it back to pay your order", does that actually happen or does that only happen in movies? that's always crazy to me
here you keep your card in your wallet, when you want to pay you can see the number that will be subtracted on the scanner, you take our your card and put it in the scanner, type in your PIN, and put it back in your wallet
in terms of online payments, it has to go through some kind of payment processor like iDEAL which gives you a drop down where you can select your bank. this then forwards you to your bank's website/app on your phone. you make the payment directly through your bank (also requiring 2FA through your phone), and it redirects back to the webshop who immediately gets a payment confirmation
but yeah tl;dr we prevent fraud by (1) you need to be the one to type in a code/password, like YOU need to approve of the transaction, and (2) the transactions go through the bank, you don't enter any bank account info on the shop you're buying from