Khan and Lore are the only two that immediately come to mind, but I'm sure there's plenty more cases of strangers aboard the Enterprise going "hey can I learn everything about how your ship operates" and the crew just being like "yeah sure here's a computer with unfettered access to all of our data, have fun" and like honestly What.
I think if I came aboard a naval vessel and went up to a crewman and said "hey can you give me all the records on how everything on this ship operates" they would probably not just let me have that.
So I think what makes the Federation so weird isn't that they don't have a military mindset, but that they fundamentally do not make a meaningful distinction between roles that for us would be occupied by military forces, scientific researchers, social workers, police, diplomats, etc.
In the TNG context, this is clearly meant to be utopian, but it's actually super fucked up. (And is also fucked up in the real world when some subset of these contexts overlap, e.g., the relationship between scientific advancement and the military, or between international aid and espionage, or between social work and policing.)
