hmmmm my gut feeling is that the line is pretty fuzzy which makes it hard to give a good answer
like the first thing to come to mind is mtg, where strictly speaking you are trying to make every other player, because the default win condition is that you are the last player remaining who has not lost. but even in multiplayer it feels like trying to win, in the sense of setting up the strongest board i guess, even though there's not a threshold you're crossing.
what's a game where you try to win? the things coming to mind are lots of board games, and deathmatch. though i guess in deathmatch (or smash, if you like) it's not exactly winning, it's that there's a ranking, and you are trying to be first in the ranking. but then everyone else doesn't quite "lose" as much as "place elsewhere". it doesn't feel as much like you can "come in second" at catan, because the progress isn't quite as linear.
i'm surprised i mentioned catan, because when i said "board games" i was really thinking of stuff like snakes and ladders, sorry, and other stuff with a Win Square that you're trying to reach first. games that i would not call very mechanically deep. but catan does also have a threshold you're trying to cross, and it's got a little bit more going on than fucking candy land.
i guess i don't know! "make someone lose" games have opportunities to team up and take out opponents strategically? ...but "make someone win" games have just as many opportunities to team up and either leap ahead or drag the player in front back into the crab bucket. i wonder if the two styles are such neat opposites that all their possible properties are basically inverses