axioms of my conception of computer:
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there's an object with two states (not necessarily exactly two)
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one may transfer states between instances of objects arbitrarily, meaning that the output of the transfer is related to the input(s) of the transfer. (Note that the transfer's output may be probabilistic.)
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transfers have a chain of causality, meaning that some transfers happen before others. (I'm not so sure about the wording of this one— maybe CS nerds can help me out here. But essentially, the property that makes latches make sense.)