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There's a very common convention in Anime character designs that Tvtropes calls "Curtains Match The Window", but that I've never seen given a more succinct name. In addition, there's a specific variation of this subtype of anime hair+eyes that especially deserves a name: the variation that pertains to the idea of Image Color.¹

I feel like it deserves to be acknowledged as a phenomena because it is common, and yet not universal; plenty of anime that have unnatural hair and eye colors don't do this. Nor do all characters with "matching" eyes and hair have a corresponding image color; Edward Elric has golden eyes and hair, but Fullmetal Alchemist does not lean strongly on "image colors" for its visuals in either the show itself or in extraneous materials.

"Superhero style" magical girl shows, being that they have heavy DNA from Tokusatsu superheroes, often have image colors, especially if they are parts of a group or set instead of solo actors. But even then, they do not always have hair or eyes that "match" their image color.

Madoka Magica, though is a pretty good example of a core cast that are completely "stained" their image color, although Homura is a bit of an edge compared to the others.² Her eyes straddle the line between violet and blue; her grey-black hair does not read as having an obvious purple tint. Her outfit contains more unambiguously purple hues, but is still very dull and grey. More than any other girl in the original show, you notice the contrast between the desaturation of the character design and the vibrant hue of her magic.

Homura's image color is, quite literally, literally the color of the soul. Homura's association with purple is, prior to her contract, only visible through her eyes, and aren't eyes said in English to be the windows to the soul? To actual see Homura's full vibrant orchid hue is beautiful, but unnatural; a product of the soul, the consciousness and personality, being ripped from its flesh and forced to reside outside it by an exploitative outside actor. There's something to analyze, in that.

An image color is not always the soul, per say, but it can be seen as a sort of shorthand for identity and the self. Often, as in the case of Idols, it represents the socially constructed self. Sometimes it represents idealized-but-impossible self, only graspable in some heightened state of being. And... well. To leave the realm of the philosophical.

It's also great for merchandise and marketing.

1. Image Color, written in katakana as イメージカラー, isn't a term that seems to have strongly penetrated into anglosphere anime fandom, and yet Japanese media-fandom will apparently apply it to non-Japanese works when it applies; the Japanese Pixiv Wiki page for characters in Homestuck refers to the human character's text colors as Image Colors. Image Color is also a concept that applies to entertainment outside of fiction in Japan; idols within an Idol group may have 'Member Colors', which Wikipedia calls out as a variant of the "Image Color" concept derived directly from Super Sentai.

2. Including Hitomi, the designated not-a-magical-girl who nonetheless is Green in the same way that Madoka/Sayaka/Mami/Kyoko are Pink/Blue/Yellow/Red. It's a very interesting choice, to have a character who fills that narrative niche so strongly telegraph what color her outfit and powers would be as a magical girl. Compare to Wakaba from RGU, who is given a relatively "realistic" (ie, brown or black) hair/eye color scheme; this is far more typical for the "oblivious school friend" archetype.³

3. Realistic to semi-realistic colors for ethnically Japanese characters, when contrasted with the "important" characters being vibrantly technicolor, can convey a sense of being a "nobody". Brown is usually less an image color than the absence of one. Wakaba temporarily adopts brown as an image color in the Black Rose arc, brown roses framing her the way colored roses frame Utena and the Student Council members; brown symbolizes the very complexes that make her exploitable as a Black Rose duelist.⁴ She is thus, paradoxically, the only Black Rose duelist who can be considered to have a "unique" image color.

4. The only other times I've ever seen brown treated as an image color, it was in the context of comedic absurdity, such as how all the superheroes in Shinesman are salarymen, and the team's member/image colors include business suit colors like Grey and Sepia, while genre staples like Blue and Yellow are conspicuously absent.