Movie prop makes sense, and I even figured out how it works.
AC comes in, goes through a diode, filtered by the big yellow cap. Now you have about 170VDC.
DC goes through the potentiometer, which limits current to the rest of the circuit.
The rest of the circuit is just the same thing in parallel, eight times:
A resistor in series with a capacitor, so it charges slowly. A neon lamp across the capacitor.
A neon lamp is a gas discharge tube, with a breakdown voltage. When the capacitor voltage exceeds the breakdown voltage, the lamp flashes and discharges the capacitor, starting the cycle over.
Since the parts have loose tolerances, the frequency of each flashing light is going to be slightly out of sync and the thing looks random.
Turning the pot adjusts the blinkyness speed.
So yeah, movie prop, or stage prop, or just a funny decoration for your house if you're That Kind Of Person.